Flora of Australia Online
Abbreviations and Contractions
Literature
Author abbreviations follow R.K.Brummitt & C.E.Powell, Authors of Plant Names (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1992).
Journal titles are abbreviated in accordance with G.H.M.Lawrence et al., Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum (Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, 1968) and G.D.R.Bridson & E.R.Smith, Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum/Supplementum (Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Pittsburgh, 1991).
Other literature is abbreviated in accordance with F.A.Stafleu & R.S.Cowan, Taxonomic Literature, 2nd edn (Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 1976–1987), except that upper case initial letters are used for proper names and significant words. The Flora of Australia is abbreviated to Fl. Australia.
| Abbreviations of herbaria are in accordance with P.K.Holmgren, N.H.Holmgren & L.C.Barnett, Index Herbariorum Part I, 8th edn (New York Botanical Garden, 1990). Those most commonly cited in the Flora of Australia are: | |
|---|---|
| AD | State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide |
| ADW | Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide (now part of AD) |
| BM | The Natural History Museum, London |
| BRI | Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane |
| CANB | Australian National Herbarium, Canberra |
| CBG | National Botanic Gardens, Canberra (now part of CANB) |
| DNA | Northern Territory Herbarium, Darwin |
| HO | Tasmanian Herbarium, Hobart |
| JCT | James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville |
| K | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |
| MEL | National Herbarium of Victoria, Melbourne |
| NSW | National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney |
| NT | Northern Territory Herbarium, Alice Springs (now part of DNA) |
| PERTH | Western Australian Herbarium, Perth |
| QRS | Australian National Herbarium, Atherton |
| US | Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. |
| Abbreviations of Australian States and Territories and nearby countries as used in statements of distribution and citation of collections are: | |
|---|---|
| A.C.T. | Australian Capital Territory |
| N. Caled. | New Caledonia |
| N.S.W. | New South Wales |
| N.T. | Northern Territory |
| N.Z. | New Zealand |
| P.N.G. | Papua New Guinea |
| Qld | Queensland |
| S.A. | South Australia |
| Tas. | Tasmania |
| Vic. | Victoria |
| W.A. | Western Australia |
| add. | addendum |
| alt. | altitude |
| app. | appendix |
| auct. | auctoris/auctorum (of an author or authors) |
| auct. mult. | auctorum multorum (of many authors) |
| auct. non | auctorum non (of authors [but] not.…), used for misapplied names |
| c. | circa (about) |
| Ck | Creek |
| cm | centimetre |
| coll. | collector |
| colln | collection |
| comb. | combinatio/combination |
| cons. | conservandus |
| cult. | cultivated |
| cv. | cultivar |
| d.b.h. | diameter at breast height |
| Dept | Department |
| descr. | descriptio |
| diam. | diameter |
| E | east |
| ed./eds | editor/editors |
| edn | edition |
| eds | editors |
| e.g. | exempli gratia (for example) |
| et al. | et alii/et aliorum; and others/and of others |
| f. | forma/form |
| fam. | familia/family |
| fig./figs | figure/figures (in other works) |
| Fig. | Figure (referring to a Figure in this volume of the Flora) |
| gen. | genus/genus |
| gen. nov. | genus novus (new genus) |
| Gt | Great |
| holo | holotype |
| hort. | hortus (garden) or hortensis (of a garden) |
| HS | Homestead |
| Hwy | Highway |
| i.e. | id est (that is) |
| ined. | ineditus (unpublished) |
| in litt. | in litteris (in correspondence) |
| in obs. | in observatio (in observation) |
| Is. | Island/s |
| iso | isotype |
| isolecto | isolectotype |
| km | kilometre |
| L. | Lake |
| L.A. | Logging Area |
| lat. | latitude |
| lecto | lectotype |
| loc. cit. | loco citato (in bibliographic citations: in the same work and page as just cited) |
| loc. id. | loco idem (in specimen citations: in the same place as just cited) |
| long. | longitude |
| L.S. | longitudinal section |
| l:w | length to width ratio |
| m | metre |
| mm | millimetre |
| Mt/Mts | Mount/Mounts |
| Mtn/Mtns | Mountain/Mountains |
| N | north |
| n | haploid chromosome number |
| 2n | diploid chromosome number |
| Natl | National |
| n.d. | no date |
| NE | north-east (ern) |
| nom. cons. | nomen conservandum (conserved name) |
| nom. cons. prop. | nomen conservandum propositus (proposed conserved name) |
| nom. illeg. | nomen illegitimum (illegitimate name) |
| nom. inval. | nomen invalidum (name not validly published) |
| nom. nov. | nomina nova (new name) |
| nom. nud. | nomen nudum (name published without a description or reference to a published description) |
| nom. prov. | nomen provisorium (provisional name) |
| nom. rej. | nomen rejiciendum (rejected name) |
| nom. superfl. | nomen superfluum (superfluous name) |
| nov. | novus/new |
| n. ser. | new series |
| n.v. | non vidi (not seen) |
| NW | north-west (ern) |
| op. cit. | opere citato (in the work cited above) |
| opp. | opposite |
| orth. | orthography, orthographic |
| p./pp. | page/pages |
| penin. | peninsula |
| pers. comm. | by personal communication |
| pl./pls | plate/plates |
| p.p. | pro parte (in part) |
| p.p. max | pro parte maxima, the larger part |
| p.p. min | pro parte minore, the smaller part |
| q.v. | quod vide (which see) |
| R. | River |
| Ra. | Range |
| Rd | Road |
| rly | railway |
| S | south |
| SE | south-east (ern) |
| sect. | sectio/section |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Micrograph |
| ser. | series |
| S.F.R. | State Forest Reserve |
| s. lat. | sensu lato (in a wide sense) |
| s. loc. | sine loco (without locality) |
| s.n. | sine numero (without number) |
| sp./spp. | species (singular/plural) |
| sp. aff. | species affinis (species related to) |
| sp. nov. | species nova (new species) |
| specim. | specimen |
| sphalm. | sphalmate (by mistake, mistakenly) |
| s. str. | sensu stricto (in a narrow sense) |
| St | Saint/Street |
| stat. | status/status |
| Stn | (pastoral) Station |
| subg. | subgenus |
| subsp./subspp. | subspecies (singular/plural) |
| subsp. nov. | subspecies nova (new subspecies) |
| suppl. | supplement |
| SW | south-west (ern) |
| syn | syntype |
| synon. | synonym |
| T | Type (collection) |
| t./tt. | tabula/tabulae (plate/plates) |
| T.R. | Timber Reserve |
| trib. | tribus/tribe |
| trig. | trigonometric station |
| T.S. | transverse section |
| typ. cons. | typus conservandus (conserved type) |
| var. | varietas/variety |
| viz. | videlicet (namely) |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| W | west |
| x | basic chromosome number |
| † | taxon included in key but not treated further in text |
| * | naturalised taxon, not originally native (in the text); wildcard (in the web search) |
| # | native taxon now naturalised in Australia beyond its natural range |
| [ ] | misapplied name or nomen invalidum; also, in localities, denotes a place name later than that originally cited or on the herbarium sheet |
| ± | in species descriptions, more or less |
| ± | in lichen chemistry, with or without |
| < | less than |
| ≤ | less than or equal to |
| > | more than |
| ≥ | more than or equal to |
| µm | micrometre |
| (♀) | female |
| (♂) | male |
Publication date of previous volumes
[an error occurred while processing this directive]| Icon | Rank |
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kingdom |
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class |
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division |
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order |
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family |
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subfamily |
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genus |
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subgenus |
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section |
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subsection |
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series |
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subseries |
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tribe |
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subtribe |
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species |
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subspecies |
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variety |
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form |
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form taxon |
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informal rank |
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group |
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subgroup |
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hybrid |
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doubtful name |
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key |
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species list |
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